Stoke-on-Trent Local History

      

   

The Poor Law in North Staffordshire

Shaw's memories are confirmed by a contemporary report in the North Staffordshire Mercury of 18th April 1840:

 

 POTTERY POLICE COURTS: TUNSTALL.

Before T. B. Rose, Job Meigh, J. A. Wise & P. B. Broade, Esqrs:

Mary Ann Caulfield, and inmate of the union workhouse at Chell, and a mother of several children, was summoned by George Goodwin, the schoolmaster of the establishment, who charged her with violent assault upon him. He stated that when she came into the schoolroom with another woman, to wash the boys, the defendant charged him with 'murdering' her boy, and instantly struck him on the side of the head, and kicked him, and gave him a blow on the ear.

The defendant at once acknowledged the assault, and said that the cause of it was the brutal attack upon her little boy, only 4 years old. She ran out and saw her child, who had the marks of a 'crack' from the masters 5 fingers on each side of his face, and he appeared to have been much ill-treated. The little fellow trembled and begged her with his hands uplifted, that she should not go to the master, or he'd murder him. She could not restrain her mother's feelings she said, and was determined to be revenged, having often heard of the little boys 'carrying black flesh' and knowing that he sometimes beat them with a thick knobstick.

She said that she had neither money nor means, and had a bad husband, but she was determined if her children were subject to such treatment as that, she would leave the house.

The poor woman concluded with a burst of grief, by saying that it was "beyond nature" to submit to such treatment. She added that when she named the matter to Mrs. Welsby, she did all she could to console her, and begged her not to take any rash steps, but wait until Mr. Welsby came home.

Mr Rose, who appeared at once to suspect that some cruelty had been practised, questioned two of the boys who had been brought up by Mr. Welsby. One of them said "the master laid on very heavily" when he beat them, and had used a stick twice the thickness of his finger, and hit them chiefly on the head! Another boy said he had been struck on the head with the thick stick until he had lumps on it, and it had bled.

At the suggestion of Mr. Welsby, the governor, Mr. Rose asked the last boy what instrument he was struck with on the head. The lad replied "a key", the lad said that the master struck the child on one side of the face and then on the other, and the blows knocked it against the wall, and its face was thus scratched. Mr. Welsby said  the offence which the child had committed, was crying to go to his little sister who was playing at some distance!

Mr. Rose said that he could not approve of this mode of treating children, especially the practice of striking them on the head. He thought the birch the best instrument, and even if a cane be used, it should be a very thin one.  Mr. Welsby, in answer to Mr. Rose said the defendant was a very well conducted woman. Mr. Rose dismissed the charge, much to the satisfaction of all present. Mr. Welsby pledged himself to bring the subject under the notice of the Board of Guardians at the next meeting.

North Staffordshire Mercury  18th April 1840:

 

 

 

28th April 1840:

The attention of the meeting was called by the clerk to the assault made by one of the female inmates upon the schoolmaster for beating her child. The case had been brought before the Stipendiary magistrate and dismissed by him.

The Board considered that the charge was proved and that the authority of the schoolmaster should be maintained (in the proper discharge of his duty) the above decision having a contrary effect. The schoolmaster was directed to use only proper weapons in correcting the lads, and to report in case any should be refractory.

Wolstanton & Burslem Union Board of Guardians, Minute Book

It is interesting to get a glimpse of the workhouse in the twentieth century from the Sentinel newspaper which sees it in a much softer light. Does the article reflect a pleasanter approach to the care of the poor this century, or does it only seem better at a distance?

 

Grim Workhouse became a haven for the destitute

Although Arnold Bennett described the Victorian workhouse at Chell as the Bastille, its grim reputation wasn't deserved in later years.

Life under the strict regime at Chell might have been hard, but for destitute families it was a good deal better than living on the streets.

Mavis Shufflebottom, former administrator at Westcliffe Hospital, maintains that the old Wolstanton and Burslem Union Workhouse adjoining the hospital was a refuge which undoubtedly saved some peoples lives.

"There was no social security or family allowance in those days," she says, "so the inmates of the workhouse were thankful to get three cooked meals a day."

Between the wars it became known as the Turnhurst Institution but continued to perform the same role. it accommodated up to 350 people, including many children who were given lessons in a schoolroom. Tramps were still admitted, provided they were deloused.

Mrs. Shufflebottom explains that in the 1940's the name was changed to Westcliffe residential home. Tramps were barred and the last burial took place in a paupers cemetery on the opposite side of the road.

The old building continued to operate as a home for poor people until 1975 when the 300 residents were moved into five purpose built homes in other parts of the city. It was demolished in 1993.

The Sentinel Newspaper, December 1997

 

 

 
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questions / comments / contributions? email: Steve Birks

03/12/2001